Theory
Max. Marks: 80 Total Hours: 50 (2hrs/week)
Note: Examiner to set eight questions and the candidates are required to attempt any five.- Introduction: Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy. (2)
- Sources of drugs: Biological, marine, geographical and plant tissue cultures. (4)
- Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical pharmacological, chemical and others with their merits and demerits. (3)
- Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs: factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Types of soils and fertilizers of common use. Pest management and natural pest control agents. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants. (5)
- Extraction: Various methods of extraction of crude drugs namely infusion, decoction, percolation (various types including processes for concentrated preparations, continuous hot percolation), maceration (various types including processes for organized and unorganized drugs, for concentrated preparations, double and triple maceration processes) and factors affecting choice of extraction process. (4)
- Quality control of crude drugs: Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods of evaluation. (3)
- An introduction to active constituents of drugs: their isolation, classification and properties. (3)
- Systematic pharmacognostic study of the following: (10) (a) Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Guar gum, Gum Acacia, Honey, Isabgol, Pectin, Starch and Tragacanth. (b) Lipids: Bees wax, castor oil, Cocoa butter, Cod-liver oil, kokum butter, Lard, Linseed oil, Rice bran oil, Shark liver oil and wool fat.
- Study of the drugs containing resins and resin combinations:
- Colophony, Podophyllum, Cannabis, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Balsam of tolu, Balsam of peru, Benzoin, Turmeric, Ginger. (6)
- Volatile oils: General methods of obtaining volatile oils from plants. Study of volatile oils of mentha, coriander, cinnamon, cassia, lemon peel, lemon grass, orange peel, citronella, caraway, cumin, clove fennel, nutmeg, eucalyptus, chenopodium, cardamom, valerian, musk and sandalwood. (7)
- Study of pharmaceutical aids like talc, diatomite, kaolin, bentonite, gelatin, and natural colorants. (3)
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